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Toxicoscordion venenosum  (S. Watson) Rydb.  var. venenosum 
Meadow deathcamas
© 2016 Steve Matson
© 2016 Steve Matson
© 2016 Steve Matson
© 2016 Steve Matson
© 2019 Matt Berger
© 2023 richard mcneill
© 2016 Steve Matson
© 2020 Larry Leigh
© 2021 Dana York
© 2015 John Schmidt
© 2019 Richard Spjut
Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum is a perennial herb that is native to California, and also found elsewhere in western North America.
Siskiyou Del Norte Modoc Humboldt Shasta Lassen Trinity Plumas Tehama Butte Mendocino Glenn Sierra Yuba Lake Nevada Colusa Placer Sutter El Dorado Yolo Alpine Napa Sonoma Sacramento Mono Amador Solano Calaveras Tuolumne San Joaquin Marin Contra Costa Alameda Santa Cruz Mariposa Madera San Francisco San Mateo Merced Fresno Stanislaus Santa Clara Inyo San Benito Tulare Kings Monterey San Bernardino San Luis Obispo Kern Santa Barbara Ventura Los Angeles Riverside Orange San Diego Imperial
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Bloom Period
Parent: Toxicoscordion venenosum
Genus: Toxicoscordion
Family: Melanthiaceae  
Category: angiosperm  
Jepson eFlora section: monocot

Toxicity: Do not eat any part of this plant.

Wetlands: Occurs usually in non wetlands, occasionally in wetlands

Communities: Northern Coastal Scrub, Coastal Sage Scrub, Redwood Forest, Yellow Pine Forest, Red Fir Forest, Mixed Evergreen Forest, Foothill Woodland, Chaparral, Valley Grassland, wetland-riparian

Name Status:
Accepted by JEF + POWO

Alternate Names:
JEFZigadenus venenosus var. venenosus
Information about  Toxicoscordion venenosum var. venenosum from other sources
Nursery availability from CNPLX
Commercial availability unknown.
Jepson eFlora

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[Wikipedia] Toxicity: Toxicoscordion venenosum has a well deserved poisonous reputation.[20] The main toxic alkaloid contained in the plants is zygacine, but other esters of zygadenine develop in the plant as the seed pods ripen.[30] While they are not easily confused with other species while in bloom they can easily be mistaken for edible bulbs like those of the camas lily in the Pacific Northwest once the leaves and flowering stems have faded.[20] As few as two bulbs are sufficient to kill a fully-grown human, with the poisons not degraded by cooking.[25] The toxins also remain stable when dried and stored, with bulbs remaining toxic for two decades after collection.[31] The seeds and the bulbs are the most toxic parts of the plants. (link added by Mary Ann Machi)


Suggested Citation
Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals. [web application]. 2025. The Calflora Database [a non-profit organization]. Available: https://www.calflora.org/   (Accessed: 03/29/2025).