2021 stephen rosenthal 2010 Denise Kocek 2021 Mary Conway 2021 Eric Wrubel 2021 Mary Conway 2010 Toni Corelli 2007 Luigi Rignanese 2005 Luigi Rignanese
Fumaria officinalis is an annual herb that is not native to California.
[Wikipedia] Native to North Africa, Europe, Asia; Description, Taxonomy: Fumaria officinalis, the common fumitory, drug fumitory or earth smoke, is a herbaceous annual flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae. It is the most common species of the genus Fumaria in Western and Central Europe.
Description
It is an herbaceous annual plant that grows weakly erect and scrambling, with stalks about 10?50 cm (3.9?19.7 in) long. It has slender green leaves.[1] Its pink 7?9 mm (0.28?0.35 in) flowers appear from April to October in the northern hemisphere,[2] or May to September in the UK.[1] They are two lipped and spurred, with sepals running a quarter the length of the petals.[2] The plant commonly has more than 20 and up to 60 flowers per spike.[3] The fruit is an achene containing one seed. It is approximately globular, slightly wider than high and with an apical notch.[3] It contains alkaloids, potassium salts, and tannins and is also a source of fumaric acid.[4]
Taxonomy
It was first formally described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in his seminal publication 'Species Plantarum' on page 700, in 1753.[5][6]
There are 2 known subspecies:
Fumaria officinalis subsp. cilicica (Hausskn.) Lidén
Fumaria officinalis subsp. wirtgenii (Koch) Arcang.[5]
Etymology
Flower and leaves of Fumaria officinalis
The "smoky" or "fumy" origin of its name comes from the translucent color of its flowers, giving them the appearance of smoke or of hanging in smoke, and the slightly gray-blue haze color of its foliage, also resembling smoke coming from the ground, especially after morning dew.
Distribution and habitat
It is native to temperate regions of North Africa, Europe and parts of Western Asia.[8] (link added by Mary Ann Machi)
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Suggested Citation
Calflora:
Information on California plants for education, research and conservation,
with data contributed by
public and private institutions and individuals.
[web application]. 2024. Berkeley, California:The Calflora Database
[a non-profit organization].Available:
https://www.calflora.org/(Accessed: 11/21/2024).